Aurelian Walls

Rome, Italy

Freely accessible

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The Aurelian Walls are a line of brick and concrete fortifications built between 271 and 275 AD around Rome during the reign of Emperor Aurelian, superseding the earlier Servian Wall of the 4th century BC. Enclosing all seven hills of Rome as well as the Campus Martius and the Trastevere district on the right bank of the Tiber, the walls protected an area of approximately 1,400 hectares—though the densely inhabited city of the period actually extended over 2,400 hectares. The river banks within the city limits remained largely unfortified except along the Campus Martius, and the walls cut through populated neighborhoods, making them an imposing infrastructure project of the late Roman Empire.